Abstract

Author:
Ijagwu Joy, Lotachukwu S. Onwuegbusi, Onum Friday Okoh, Sani Esther Ojochogwu

Doi: 10.26480/mmhj.01.2025.40.48

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Depression is a multifactorial mental health disorder with increasing global prevalence, influenced by genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors. Emerging evidence suggests that nutritional deficiencies play a crucial role in the onset and progression of depressive symptoms through their impact on neurochemical and physiological pathways. This study explores the relationship between specific nutrient deficiencies such as vitamins B12, D, and folate, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and iron and biochemical markers associated with depression. The investigation emphasizes the role of micronutrient imbalance in neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, which are central to mood regulation and cognitive function. Findings highlight that insufficient nutrient levels may disrupt serotonin and dopamine metabolism, alter hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function, and exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses, all of which are linked to depressive disorders. By establishing biochemical correlates between nutrition and depression, the study underscores the importance of nutritional assessment as an integral component of mental health evaluation. The results contribute to a growing body of evidence advocating for a holistic approach to depression management that includes dietary optimization and biochemical monitoring. This underscores the potential of nutritional interventions as cost-effective and preventive strategies for reducing the global burden of depression and improving overall mental well-being.